{"ymdb_id":"YMDB00115","created_at":"2011-05-29T15:58:25.000Z","updated_at":"2016-10-18T17:11:17.000Z","name":"D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate","cas":"142-10-9","state":"Solid","melting_point":"","description":"Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) is an aldotriose. It is an important metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and in tryptophan biosynthesis.","experimental_water_solubility":"","experimental_logp_hydrophobicity":"","location":"Cytoplasm;Nucleus","synthesis_reference":"Ballou, Clinton E.; Fischer, Hermann O. L. The synthesis of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1955), 77 3329-31.","chebi_id":"29052","hmdb_id":"HMDB01112","kegg_id":"C00118","pubchem_id":"729","cs_id":"709","foodb_id":null,"wikipedia_link":"Glyceraldehyde_3-phosphate","biocyc_id":"GAP","iupac":"(2-hydroxy-3-oxopropoxy)phosphonic acid","traditional_iupac":"glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate","logp":"-1.8009217683333332","pka":"6.423410991516896","alogps_solubility":"2.05e+01 g/l","alogps_logp":"-1.69","alogps_logs":"-0.92","acceptor_count":"5","donor_count":"3","rotatable_bond_count":"4","polar_surface_area":"104.06000000000002","refractivity":"30.331","polarizability":"12.61210406339147","formal_charge":"0","physiological_charge":"-2","pka_strongest_basic":"-3.7612158010186443","pka_strongest_acidic":"1.3972513038137553","bioavailability":"1","number_of_rings":"0","rule_of_five":"1","ghose_filter":"0","veber_rule":"0","mddr_like_rule":"0","synonyms":["(2r)-2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-propanal","2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-Propanal","2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanal","3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde","D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate","D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphic acid","D-glyceraldehyde-3-P","DL-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate","GAP","gliceraldehido-3-fosfato","glyceraldehyde 3-(dihydrogen phosphate)","Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate","glyceraldehyde-3-P","Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate","glyceraldehyde-P","glyceraldehyde-phosphate","Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat","Glyzerinaldehyd-3-phosphat","Propanal, 2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)-"],"pathways":[{"name":"Vitamin B6 metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00750"},{"name":"Galactose metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00052"},{"name":"Pentose phosphate pathway","kegg_map_id":"00030"},{"name":"Fructose and mannose metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00051"},{"name":"Thiamine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00730"},{"name":"Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00900"},{"name":"Pentose and glucuronate interconversions","kegg_map_id":"00040"},{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Inositol phosphate metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00562"},{"name":"Methane metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00680"},{"name":"Ethanol fermentation","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Glycolysis I","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Riboneogenesis","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Tryptophan metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00380"},{"name":"Vitamin B6","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"xylitol degradation","kegg_map_id":null}],"growth_conditions":[{"growth_media":"Synthetic medium with 2% glucose","concentration":"46.0","concentration_units":"\u0026#181;M","error":"4.0"},{"growth_media":"Synthetic medium with 2% galactose","concentration":"100.0","concentration_units":"\u0026#181;M","error":"13.0"}],"references":[{"pubmed_id":21051339,"citation":"UniProt Consortium (2011). \"Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219."},{"pubmed_id":21062828,"citation":"Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). \"BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011.\" Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676."},{"pubmed_id":18846089,"citation":"Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). \"A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology.\" Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160."},{"pubmed_id":6342605,"citation":"Bailey, C. J., Turner, P. D. (1983). \"Purification and properties of tryptophan synthase from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).\" Biochem J 209:151-157."},{"pubmed_id":7878741,"citation":"Thevelein, J. M., Hohmann, S. (1995). \"Trehalose synthase: guard to the gate of glycolysis in yeast?\" Trends Biochem Sci 20:3-10."},{"pubmed_id":19889834,"citation":"Boer, V. M., Crutchfield, C. A., Bradley, P. H., Botstein, D., Rabinowitz, J. D. (2010). \"Growth-limiting intracellular metabolites in yeast growing under diverse nutrient limitations.\" Mol Biol Cell 21:198-211."},{"pubmed_id":16348083,"citation":"Senac, T., Hahn-Hagerdal, B. (1990). \"Intermediary Metabolite Concentrations in Xylulose- and Glucose-Fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells.\" Appl Environ Microbiol 56:120-126."},{"pubmed_id":3908097,"citation":"Inoue, Y., Watanabe, K., Shimosaka, M., Saikusa, T., Fukuda, Y., Murata, K., Kimura, A. (1985). \"Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehydes in yeasts. Purification and characterization of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Eur J Biochem 153:243-247."},{"pubmed_id":8300619,"citation":"Banki, K., Halladay, D., Perl, A. (1994). \"Cloning and expression of the human gene for transaldolase. A novel highly repetitive element constitutes an integral part of the coding sequence.\" J Biol Chem 269:2847-2851."},{"pubmed_id":3905788,"citation":"McAlister, L., Holland, M. J. (1985). \"Differential expression of the three yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes.\" J Biol Chem 260:15019-15027."},{"pubmed_id":8435847,"citation":"Boles, E., Zimmermann, F. K. (1993). \"Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphoglucose isomerase and fructose bisphosphate aldolase can be replaced functionally by the corresponding enzymes of Escherichia coli and Drosophila melanogaster.\" Curr Genet 23:187-191."},{"pubmed_id":6229402,"citation":"Lagunas, R., Gancedo, C. (1983). \"Role of phosphate in the regulation of the Pasteur effect in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.\" Eur J Biochem 137:479-483."}],"proteins":[{"created_at":"2011-05-26T17:22:26.000Z","updated_at":"2011-05-27T15:01:02.000Z","name":"Transketolase 2","uniprot_id":"P33315","uniprot_name":"TKT2_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"TKL2","num_residues":681,"molecular_weight":"75028.79688","theoretical_pi":"6.05","general_function":"Involved in catalytic activity","specific_function":"Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-xylulose 5-phosphate","reactions":[{"id":2017,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2018,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2477,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"","altext":"Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-xylulose 5-phosphate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14085,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006510","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14086,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006512","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14087,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006513","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14088,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R007089","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14089,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R007092","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"X73532","genbank_protein_id":"313262","gene_card_id":"TKL2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 2","locus":"YBR117C","synonyms":["TK 2"],"enzyme_classes":["2.2.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transketolase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Transket_pyr","identifier":"PF02779"},{"name":"Transketolase_C","identifier":"PF02780"},{"name":"Transketolase_N","identifier":"PF00456"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Pentose phosphate pathway","kegg_map_id":"00030"},{"name":"Riboneogenesis","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"xylitol 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1"],"enzyme_classes":["2.2.1.2"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" intracellular part"},{"category":"Component","description":" cytoplasm"},{"category":"Component","description":" cell part"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transaldolase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" small molecule metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" alcohol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" monosaccharide metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" hexose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" glucose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" glucose catabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" pentose-phosphate 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5-phosphate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14085,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006510","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14086,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006512","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14087,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006513","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14088,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R007089","source":"Smpdb"},{"id":14089,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R007092","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":"1GPU","cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"U51033","genbank_protein_id":"1230682","gene_card_id":"TKL1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 16","locus":"YPR074C","synonyms":["TK 1"],"enzyme_classes":["2.2.1.1"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transketolase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Transket_pyr","identifier":"PF02779"},{"name":"Transketolase_C","identifier":"PF02780"},{"name":"Transketolase_N","identifier":"PF00456"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Pentose phosphate pathway","kegg_map_id":"00030"},{"name":"Riboneogenesis","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"xylitol 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aldolase","uniprot_id":"P14540","uniprot_name":"ALF_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"FBA1","num_residues":359,"molecular_weight":"39620.5","theoretical_pi":"5.59","general_function":"Involved in catalytic activity","specific_function":"Catalyzes the aldol condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP or glycerone-phosphate) with glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (G3P) to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) in gluconeogenesis and the reverse reaction in glycolysis","reactions":[{"id":1434,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1552,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":1961,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2577,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":"D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"X15003","genbank_protein_id":"3696","gene_card_id":"FBA1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 11","locus":"YKL060C","synonyms":["FBP aldolase","FBPA","Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase"],"enzyme_classes":["4.1.2.13"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" cation binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" transition metal ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" zinc ion binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" aldehyde-lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" fructose-bisphosphate aldolase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" carbon-carbon lyase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Process","description":" small molecule metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" alcohol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" monosaccharide metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" hexose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" glucose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" glucose catabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" glycolysis"}],"pfams":[{"name":"F_bP_aldolase","identifier":"PF01116"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Pentose phosphate pathway","kegg_map_id":"00030"},{"name":"Fructose and mannose metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00051"},{"name":"Methane 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I","kegg_map_id":null},{"name":"Vitamin 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NADH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"X60157","genbank_protein_id":"3936","gene_card_id":"TDH2","chromosome_location":"chromosome 10","locus":"YJR009C","synonyms":["GAPDH 2"],"enzyme_classes":["1.2.1.12"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" NAD or NADH binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor"},{"category":"Function","description":" glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" nucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" small molecule metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" alcohol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" monosaccharide metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" hexose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" glucose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Gp_dh_C","identifier":"PF02800"},{"name":"Gp_dh_N","identifier":"PF00044"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / 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NADH.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":"Cytoplasm","genbank_gene_id":"AY557831","genbank_protein_id":"45269553","gene_card_id":"TDH3","chromosome_location":"chromosome 7","locus":"YGR192C","synonyms":["GAPDH 3"],"enzyme_classes":["1.2.1.12"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" Not Available"},{"category":"Function","description":" NAD or NADH binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor"},{"category":"Function","description":" glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" nucleotide binding"},{"category":"Function","description":" oxidoreductase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" oxidation reduction"},{"category":"Process","description":" small molecule metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" alcohol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" monosaccharide metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" hexose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" glucose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Gp_dh_C","identifier":"PF02800"},{"name":"Gp_dh_N","identifier":"PF00044"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis","kegg_map_id":"00010"},{"name":"Ethanol 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tryptophan synthase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" lyase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" indolalkylamine metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" tryptophan metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular amino acid derivative metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" cellular biogenic amine metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"PALP","identifier":"PF00291"},{"name":"Trp_syntA","identifier":"PF00290"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism","kegg_map_id":"00260"},{"name":"Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis","kegg_map_id":"00400"},{"name":"Tryptophan 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isomerase","uniprot_id":"P00942","uniprot_name":"TPIS_YEAST","enzyme":true,"transporter":false,"gene_name":"TPI1","num_residues":248,"molecular_weight":"26795.30078","theoretical_pi":"5.81","general_function":"Involved in catalytic activity","specific_function":"D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate","reactions":[{"id":2022,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2659,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":"D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":3809,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006323","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":"1YPI","cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"AY557654","genbank_protein_id":"45269201","gene_card_id":"TPI1","chromosome_location":"chromosome 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in catalytic activity","specific_function":"Transaldolase is important for the balance of metabolites in the pentose-phosphate pathway","reactions":[{"id":2016,"direction":"\u003c\u003e","locations":"cytoplasm","altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":2480,"direction":"\u003e","locations":"","altext":"Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = D-erythrose 4-phosphate + D-fructose 6-phosphate.","export":false,"pw_reaction_id":null,"source":null},{"id":14090,"direction":"\u003e","locations":null,"altext":null,"export":true,"pw_reaction_id":"PW_R006511","source":"Smpdb"}],"signal_regions":"None","transmembrane_regions":"None","pdb_id":null,"cellular_location":null,"genbank_gene_id":"U19102","genbank_protein_id":"609402","gene_card_id":"TAL1","chromosome_location":null,"locus":null,"synonyms":[],"enzyme_classes":["2.2.1.2"],"go_classes":[{"category":"Component","description":" intracellular part"},{"category":"Component","description":" cytoplasm"},{"category":"Component","description":" cell part"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity, transferring aldehyde or ketonic groups"},{"category":"Function","description":" transaldolase activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" catalytic activity"},{"category":"Function","description":" transferase activity"},{"category":"Process","description":" small molecule metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" alcohol metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" monosaccharide metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" hexose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" glucose metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" glucose catabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" pentose-phosphate shunt"},{"category":"Process","description":" metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" primary metabolic process"},{"category":"Process","description":" carbohydrate metabolic process"}],"pfams":[{"name":"Transaldolase","identifier":"PF00923"}],"pathways":[{"name":"Pentose phosphate pathway","kegg_map_id":"00030"},{"name":"xylitol 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