Identification
YMDB IDYMDB00273
NameAlpha-D-Glucose
SpeciesSaccharomyces cerevisiae
StrainBaker's yeast
Descriptionalpha-D-Glucose, also known as alpha-dextrose or alpha-D-GLC, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity. alpha-D-Glucose is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). alpha-D-Glucose exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In yeast, alpha-D-glucose is involved in the metabolic pathway called the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
  • a-D-Glucopyranose
  • a-D-Glucose
  • a-Dextrose
  • a-Glucose
  • alpha-D-Glucopyranose
  • alpha-D-Glucose
  • alpha-delta-Glucopyranose
  • alpha-delta-Glucose
  • alpha-Dextrose
  • alpha-Glucose
  • Hexopyranose
  • alpha-D-GLC
  • a-D-GLC
  • Α-D-GLC
  • Α-dextrose
  • Α-D-glucose
  • Anhydrous dextrose
  • D Glucose
  • D-Glucose
  • Dextrose
  • Dextrose, anhydrous
  • Glucose
  • Glucose monohydrate
  • Glucose, (DL)-isomer
  • Glucose, (L)-isomer
  • Glucose, (alpha-D)-isomer
  • Glucose, (beta-D)-isomer
  • L Glucose
  • L-Glucose
  • Monohydrate, glucose
  • 1,3-alpha-D-Glucan
  • alpha-1,3-Glucan
  • alpha-D-Glucopyranoside
CAS number492-62-6
WeightAverage: 180.1559
Monoisotopic: 180.063388116
InChI KeyWQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N
InChIInChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6+/m1/s1
IUPAC Name(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
Traditional IUPAC Nameα-glucose
Chemical FormulaC6H12O6
SMILES[H]OC([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(O[H])[C@]([H])(O[H])[C@@]([H])(O[H])[C@]1([H])O[H]
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentHexoses
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Charge0
Melting point146 °C
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Water Solubility500 mg/mL at 20 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]PhysProp
LogPNot AvailablePhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility782 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.6ALOGPS
logP-2.9ChemAxon
logS0.64ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.3ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area110.38 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity35.92 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.09 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Organoleptic PropertiesNot Available
SMPDB Pathways
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolismPW002413 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Ethanol fermentationPW002448 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Fructose MetabolismPW002390 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Glycolysis IPW002386 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Starch and sucrose metabolismPW002481 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolismec00520 Map00520
Fructose and mannose metabolismec00051 Map00051
Galactose metabolismec00052 Map00052
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesisec00010 Map00010
Starch and sucrose metabolismec00500 Map00500
SMPDB Reactions
Alpha-D-Glucose + Adenosine triphosphateGlucose 6-phosphate + ADP
Alpha-D-Glucose + Adenosine triphosphateADP + hydron + Glucose 6-phosphate
Alpha-D-GlucoseBeta-D-Glucose
Sucrose + waterD-Fructose + Alpha-D-Glucose
Adenosine triphosphate + Alpha-D-GlucoseADP + Glucose 6-phosphate
KEGG ReactionsNot Available
Concentrations
Intracellular ConcentrationsNot Available
Extracellular ConcentrationsNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0np0-9700000000-e8d638dc817e46b97d7bJSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (5 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-004i-6122690000-eaf6f7adf34ccd0c667bJSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9100000000-57ee067515dbaeec1e27JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-0ab9-9100000000-311a61760b7c0dc3a7e1JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-0ab9-9100000000-f2beec08615d57ac1a02JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-0ab9-9100000000-eb694004566014e0b267JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-906b2fd231873b000e08JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-3cd19dc7a445df26b86dJSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-000i-9100000000-53278ff57ca00e1b5d1aJSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-0079-9000000000-c4182c64988208ac78b0JSpectraViewer | MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-004i-2900000000-a4ec4f0b1e29e360a952JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-01t9-6900000000-7b3ea9c64ecc8d4ac867JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-052f-9100000000-ec2bf4918640a0a36398JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-004i-2900000000-2448926b508622464fe7JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-056r-8900000000-4c073cb93b78120113e6JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4l-9000000000-ece70093ab5d3c331ac4JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-01q9-0900000000-b0bc47623e7b2ca31c02JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03ea-3900000000-648e1637af29cf2a3518JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0007-9200000000-9e6f46a1cbf52d6e347aJSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-01qa-0900000000-04ceb34d441ff6a75763JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03dl-9400000000-a8f1ceab155611f949c1JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-01ow-9000000000-358f68fc2b7a72c27546JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • UniProt Consortium (2011). "Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219.21051339
  • Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). "BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676.21062828
Synthesis Reference:Simmons, Blake A.; Volponi, Joanne V.; Ingersoll, David; Walker, Andrew. Conversion of sucrose to b-D-glucose using three-stage immobilized enzyme process. U.S. (2007), 12pp.
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID17925
HMDB IDHMDB03345
Pubchem Compound ID79025
Kegg IDC00267
ChemSpider ID23184483
FOODB IDFDB011829
WikipediaGlucose
BioCyc IDALPHA-GLUCOSE-16-BISPHOSPHATE

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Putative glucokinase involved in phosphorylation of aldohexoses and glucose uptake. Involved in sporulation. Required for the full activation of the early meiotic inducer IME1
Gene Name:
EMI2
Uniprot ID:
Q04409
Molecular weight:
55920.30078
Reactions
ATP + D-glucose → ADP + D-glucose 6-phosphate.
General function:
Involved in isomerase activity
Specific function:
Mutarotase converts alpha-aldose to the beta-anomer. It is active on D-glucose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose
Gene Name:
GAL10
Uniprot ID:
P04397
Molecular weight:
78194.70313
Reactions
UDP-glucose → UDP-galactose.
Alpha-D-glucose → beta-D-glucose.
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (1->4)- linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose
Gene Name:
MAL32
Uniprot ID:
P38158
Molecular weight:
68141.79688
Reactions
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Successive hydrolysis of beta-D-glucose units from the non-reducing ends of (1->3)-beta-D-glucans, releasing alpha-glucose
Gene Name:
EXG2
Uniprot ID:
P52911
Molecular weight:
63507.60156
Reactions
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Probably involved in the processes of spore formation and contributes to ascospore thermoresistance by participating in the morphogenesis of ascospore walls. The enzyme may do this by modifying glucan linkages in the developing ascospore wall, thus strengthening it or lending it plasticity
Gene Name:
SPR1
Uniprot ID:
P32603
Molecular weight:
51809.10156
Reactions
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalytic subunit of glucosidase 2, which cleaves sequentially the 2 innermost alpha-1,3-linked glucose residues from the Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor of immature glycoproteins
Gene Name:
ROT2
Uniprot ID:
P38138
Molecular weight:
110265.0
Reactions
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (1->4)- linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose
Gene Name:
MAL12
Uniprot ID:
P53341
Molecular weight:
68093.70313
Reactions
General function:
Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Probable alpha-glucosidase involved in maltose metabolism
Gene Name:
Not Available
Uniprot ID:
P40439
Molecular weight:
68698.10156
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Glucanases possibly play a role in cell expansion during growth, in cell-cell fusion during mating, and in spore release during sporulation. This enzyme hydrolyzes both 1,3-beta- and 1,6- beta-linkages and even has beta-glucosidase activity. It could also function biosynthetically as a transglycosylase
Gene Name:
EXG1
Uniprot ID:
P23776
Molecular weight:
51310.5
Reactions
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (1->4)- linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of alpha-D-glucose
Gene Name:
MAL62
Uniprot ID:
P07265
Molecular weight:
68182.79688
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Glucanases possibly play a role in cell expansion during growth, in cell-cell fusion during mating, and in spore release during sporulation. This enzyme may be involved in beta-glucan degradation and also function biosynthetically as a transglycosylase
Gene Name:
BGL2
Uniprot ID:
P15703
Molecular weight:
34118.30078
Reactions
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D- fructofuranoside residues in beta-D-fructofuranosides
Gene Name:
SUC2
Uniprot ID:
P00724
Molecular weight:
60638.89844
Reactions