palmitoyl-CoA (YMDB00527)

Identification
YMDB IDYMDB00527
Namepalmitoyl-CoA
SpeciesSaccharomyces cerevisiae
StrainBaker's yeast
Descriptionhexadecanoyl-CoA belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity. Thus, hexadecanoyl-CoA is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. hexadecanoyl-CoA is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
  • Coenzyme A, S-hexadecanoate
  • hexadecanoyl CoA
  • hexadecanoyl Coenzyme A
  • hexadecanoyl-coa
  • palmitoyl CoA
  • palmitoyl coenzyme a
  • Palmitoyl-CoA
  • Palmitoyl-CoA (n-C16:0CoA)
  • palmitoyl-Coenzyme A
  • Palmityl-CoA
  • Palmityl-Coenzyme A
  • s-hexadecanoate
  • s-hexadecanoate CoA
  • s-hexadecanoate Coenzyme A
  • s-hexadecanoic acid
  • s-palmitoylcoenzyme a
  • coenzyme A, S-Hexadecanoic acid
  • CoA, Hexadecanoyl
  • CoA, Palmityl
  • coenzyme A, Palmitoyl
  • Palmityl CoA
  • CoA, Palmitoyl
  • Hexadecanoyl-coenzyme A
  • Palmityl coenzyme A
  • S-Palmityl coenzyme A
  • S-Palmityl-CoA
  • S-Palmityl-coenzyme A
CAS number1763-10-6
WeightAverage: 1005.943
Monoisotopic: 1005.344873947
InChI KeyMNBKLUUYKPBKDU-BBECNAHFSA-N
InChIInChI=1S/C37H66N7O17P3S/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-28(46)65-21-20-39-27(45)18-19-40-35(49)32(48)37(2,3)23-58-64(55,56)61-63(53,54)57-22-26-31(60-62(50,51)52)30(47)36(59-26)44-25-43-29-33(38)41-24-42-34(29)44/h24-26,30-32,36,47-48H,4-23H2,1-3H3,(H,39,45)(H,40,49)(H,53,54)(H,55,56)(H2,38,41,42)(H2,50,51,52)/t26-,30-,31-,32+,36-/m1/s1
IUPAC Name{[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-({[({[(3R)-3-[(2-{[2-(hexadecanoylsulfanyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}ethyl)carbamoyl]-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropoxy](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]oxy}methyl)-4-hydroxyoxolan-3-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid
Traditional IUPAC Namepalmitoyl-coa
Chemical FormulaC37H66N7O17P3S
SMILESCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)SCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@H]1O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O)N1C=NC2=C1N=CN=C2N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentHexoses
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Charge0
Melting pointNot Available
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Water SolubilityNot AvailablePhysProp
LogPNot AvailablePhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.74 g/LALOGPS
logP2.35ALOGPS
logP0.6ChemAxon
logS-2.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)0.82ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.01ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count17ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count9ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area363.63 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count34ChemAxon
Refractivity236.65 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability102.2 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
Bioavailability0ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Lipid Particle, Peroxisome, Vacuole
Organoleptic PropertiesNot Available
SMPDB Pathways
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acidsPW002403 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (docosanoyl)PW002408 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (icosanoyl)PW002434 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (stearoyl)PW002435 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (tetracosanoyl-CoA)PW002404 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acidsec01040 Map01040
Fatty acid elongation in mitochondriaec00062 Map00062
Fatty acid metabolismec00071 Map00071
Glycerophospholipid metabolismec00564 Map00564
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI)-anchor biosynthesisec00563 Map00563
SMPDB ReactionsNot Available
KEGG ReactionsNot Available
Concentrations
Intracellular ConcentrationsNot Available
Extracellular ConcentrationsNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-000i-2709000101-7863d2df84c4c4e06bd2JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-1829200000-77fb81a8f15c5d2b616cJSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-000i-1914000000-016e1dd6b88c119f09b8JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0far-8971333504-cdf5697f5a74af8e63d1JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-001r-2910301001-24e89da24748049880afJSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-056r-7900100000-2cd78f62ff0a7c2cb5b8JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-9000000000-a5e30ac28e6aa4c5b77dJSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0ug0-9010201301-1162e12d8cb42839e762JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-004r-4102301209-063dede4760b705c02d9JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0a4i-9000000000-d041dea4fa9f52102bd4JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-000i-3801000429-6b8dc383575e6c3d2b72JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0002-0001900000-a96e69193e5f6d651546JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableJSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). "BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676.21062828
  • Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). "A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology." Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160.18846089
  • Chi, A., Huttenhower, C., Geer, L. Y., Coon, J. J., Syka, J. E., Bai, D. L., Shabanowitz, J., Burke, D. J., Troyanskaya, O. G., Hunt, D. F. (2007). "Analysis of phosphorylation sites on proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by electron transfer dissociation (ETD) mass spectrometry." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:2193-2198.17287358
  • Albuquerque, C. P., Smolka, M. B., Payne, S. H., Bafna, V., Eng, J., Zhou, H. (2008). "A multidimensional chromatography technology for in-depth phosphoproteome analysis." Mol Cell Proteomics 7:1389-1396.18407956
  • Smolka, M. B., Albuquerque, C. P., Chen, S. H., Zhou, H. (2007). "Proteome-wide identification of in vivo targets of DNA damage checkpoint kinases." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:10364-10369.17563356
  • Huh, W. K., Falvo, J. V., Gerke, L. C., Carroll, A. S., Howson, R. W., Weissman, J. S., O'Shea, E. K. (2003). "Global analysis of protein localization in budding yeast." Nature 425:686-691.14562095
  • Mulugu, S., Bai, W., Fridy, P. C., Bastidas, R. J., Otto, J. C., Dollins, D. E., Haystead, T. A., Ribeiro, A. A., York, J. D. (2007). "A conserved family of enzymes that phosphorylate inositol hexakisphosphate." Science 316:106-109.17412958
  • Jones, J. M., Nau, K., Geraghty, M. T., Erdmann, R., Gould, S. J. (1999). "Identification of peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterases in yeast and humans." J Biol Chem 274:9216-9223.10092594
  • Li, X., Gerber, S. A., Rudner, A. D., Beausoleil, S. A., Haas, W., Villen, J., Elias, J. E., Gygi, S. P. (2007). "Large-scale phosphorylation analysis of alpha-factor-arrested Saccharomyces cerevisiae." J Proteome Res 6:1190-1197.17330950
Synthesis Reference:Not Available
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID15525
HMDB IDHMDB01338
Pubchem Compound ID45266605
Kegg IDC00154
ChemSpider ID24784740
FOODB IDFDB022562
Wikipediapalmitoyl CoA
BioCyc IDPALMITYL-COA

Enzymes

Protein Details
1. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 4
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Esterification, concomitant with transport, of exogenous long-chain fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. Contributes, with FAA1, to the activation of imported myristate
Gene Name:
FAA4
Uniprot ID:
P47912
Molecular weight:
77266.5
Reactions
ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA → AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.
Protein Details
2. GPI-anchored wall transfer protein 1
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
Specific function:
Probable acetyltransferase, which acetylates the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol during biosynthesis of GPI- anchor. Acetylation during GPI-anchor biosynthesis is not essential for the subsequent mannosylation and is usually removed soon after the attachment of GPIs to proteins
Gene Name:
GWT1
Uniprot ID:
P47026
Molecular weight:
55465.60156
Reactions
Protein Details
3. Serine palmitoyltransferase 1
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Specific function:
Component of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), which catalyzes the committed step in the synthesis of sphingolipids, the condensation of serine with palmitoyl CoA to form the long chain base 3-ketosphinganine
Gene Name:
LCB1
Uniprot ID:
P25045
Molecular weight:
62206.60156
Reactions
Palmitoyl-CoA + L-serine → CoA + 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine + CO(2).
Protein Details
4. Acyl-coenzyme A oxidase
General function:
Involved in acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
Acyl-CoA + O(2) = trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + H(2)O(2)
Gene Name:
POX1
Uniprot ID:
P13711
Molecular weight:
84041.39844
Reactions
Acyl-CoA + O(2) → trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + H(2)O(2).
Protein Details
5. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Esterification, concomitant with transport, of exogenous long-chain fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. It may supplement intracellular myristoyl-CoA pools from exogenous myristate. Preferentially acts on C12:0-C16:0 fatty acids with myristic and pentadecanic acid (C15:0) having the highest activities
Gene Name:
FAA1
Uniprot ID:
P30624
Molecular weight:
77865.79688
Reactions
ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA → AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.
Protein Details
6. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 3
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Esterification, concomitant with transport, of endogenous long-chain fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. This enzyme acts preferentially on C16 and C18 fatty acids with a cis-double bond at C-9-C-10
Gene Name:
FAA3
Uniprot ID:
P39002
Molecular weight:
77946.0
Reactions
ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA → AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.
Protein Details
7. Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 2
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Esterification, concomitant with transport, of endogenous long-chain fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids. Preferentially acts on C9:0-C13:0 fatty acids although C7:0-C17:0 fatty acids are tolerated
Gene Name:
FAA2
Uniprot ID:
P39518
Molecular weight:
83437.10156
Reactions
ATP + a long-chain carboxylic acid + CoA → AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.
Protein Details
8. 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups
Specific function:
Acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA
Gene Name:
POT1
Uniprot ID:
P27796
Molecular weight:
44729.89844
Reactions
Acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA → CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA.
Protein Details
9. Fatty acid synthase subunit beta
General function:
Involved in transferase activity
Specific function:
Fatty acid synthetase catalyzes the formation of long- chain fatty acids from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPH. The beta subunit contains domains for:[acyl-carrier-protein] acetyltransferase and malonyltransferase, S-acyl fatty acid synthase thioesterase, enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, and 3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase
Gene Name:
FAS1
Uniprot ID:
P07149
Molecular weight:
228689.0
Reactions
Acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 2n NADH + 2n NADPH → long-chain-acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO(2) + 2n NAD(+) + 2n NADP(+).
Acetyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier-protein] → CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier-protein].
Malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier-protein] → CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein].
(3R)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] → hexadec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H(2)O.
Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + NAD(+) → trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + NADH.
Oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + H(2)O → [acyl-carrier-protein] + oleate.
Protein Details
10. Serine palmitoyltransferase 2
General function:
Involved in transferase activity
Specific function:
Catalytic subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), which catalyzes the committed step in the synthesis of sphingolipids, the condensation of serine with palmitoyl CoA to form the long chain base 3-ketosphinganine
Gene Name:
LCB2
Uniprot ID:
P40970
Molecular weight:
63110.19922
Reactions
Palmitoyl-CoA + L-serine → CoA + 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine + CO(2).
Protein Details
11. Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 1
General function:
Involved in acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
G-3-P/dihydroxyacetone phosphate dual substrate-specific sn-1 acyltransferase
Gene Name:
GPT1
Uniprot ID:
P32784
Molecular weight:
85693.5
Reactions
Acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate → CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
Acyl-CoA + glycerone phosphate → CoA + acylglycerone phosphate.
Protein Details
12. Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A thioester hydrolase 1
General function:
Involved in acyl-CoA thioesterase activity
Specific function:
Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH
Gene Name:
TES1
Uniprot ID:
P41903
Molecular weight:
40259.39844
Reactions
Palmitoyl-CoA + H(2)O → CoA + palmitate.
Protein Details
13. Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2
General function:
Involved in acyltransferase activity
Specific function:
G-3-P/dihydroxyacetone phosphate dual substrate-specific sn-1 acyltransferase
Gene Name:
GPT2
Uniprot ID:
P36148
Molecular weight:
83644.0
Reactions
Acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate → CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.
Acyl-CoA + glycerone phosphate → CoA + acylglycerone phosphate.
Protein Details
14. Acyl-CoA desaturase 1
General function:
Involved in stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase activity
Specific function:
Utilizes O(2) and electrons from the reduced cytochrome b(5) domain to catalyze the insertion of a double bond into a spectrum of fatty acyl-CoA substrates (Probable)
Gene Name:
OLE1
Uniprot ID:
P21147
Molecular weight:
58402.60156
Reactions
Stearoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O(2) + 2 H(+) → oleoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H(2)O.

Transporters

Protein Details
1. Peroxisomal long-chain fatty acid import protein 1
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Involved in the import of activated long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol to the peroxisomal matrix
Gene Name:
PXA2
Uniprot ID:
P34230
Molecular weight:
97125.29688