Galactose (YMDB00789)

Identification
YMDB IDYMDB00789
NameGalactose
SpeciesSaccharomyces cerevisiae
StrainBaker's yeast
DescriptionGalactose belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity. Galactose is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Galactose may be a unique S. cerevisiae (yeast) metabolite.
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
  • Gal
  • Galactose
  • GALACTOSE-URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
  • Galaktose
  • GDU
  • Udp galactose
  • UDP-a-D-Galactose
  • Udp-alpha-d-galactose
  • UDP-alpha-delta-Galactose
  • udp-d-galactopyranose
  • udp-d-galactose
  • Udp-delta-galactopyranose
  • UDP-delta-galactose
  • UDP-Gal
  • UDP-galactopyranose
  • UDP-galactose
  • Udpgal
  • UDPgalactose
  • UPG
  • Uridine 5'-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl pyrophosphate)
  • Uridine 5'-(alpha-delta-galactopyranosyl pyrophosphate)
  • uridine 5'-[3-(D-galactopyranosyl) dihydrogen diphosphate]
  • Uridine 5'-diphosphate galactose
  • Uridine 5'-diphosphogalactose
  • Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate a-D-galactopyranosyl ester
  • Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate a-D-galactosyl ester
  • Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate a-delta-galactopyranosyl ester
  • Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate a-delta-galactosyl ester
  • Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate alpha-D-galactosyl ester
  • Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate alpha-delta-galactosyl ester
  • Uridine 5'-pyrophosphate D-galactosyl ester
  • Uridine diphosphate galactose
  • Uridine diphosphate-D-galactose
  • Uridine diphosphate-delta-galactose
  • Uridine diphosphate-galactose
  • Uridine diphosphogalactose
  • Uridine pyrophosphate a-D-galactopyranosyl ester
  • Uridine pyrophosphate a-delta-galactopyranosyl ester
  • Uridine pyrophosphate alpha-d-galactopyranosyl ester
  • Uridine pyrophosphate alpha-delta-galactopyranosyl ester
  • Uridine pyrophosphogalactose
  • Uridinediphosphate galactose
  • Uridinediphosphogalactose
  • (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal
  • Galactopyranose
  • D Galactose
  • D-Galactose
  • Galactopyranoside
CAS number2956-16-3
WeightAverage: 180.1559
Monoisotopic: 180.063388116
InChI KeyGZCGUPFRVQAUEE-KCDKBNATSA-N
InChIInChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h1,3-6,8-12H,2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal
Traditional IUPAC Namealdehydo-D-galactose
Chemical FormulaC6H12O6
SMILESOC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentHexoses
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • Medium-chain aldehyde
  • Beta-hydroxy aldehyde
  • Alpha-hydroxyaldehyde
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Polyol
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aldehyde
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Charge0
Melting point167 °C
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Water SolubilityNot AvailablePhysProp
LogPNot AvailablePhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility261 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.4ALOGPS
logP-3.6ChemAxon
logS0.16ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.26ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area118.22 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity37.35 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.13 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Organoleptic PropertiesNot Available
SMPDB Pathways
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolismPW002413 ThumbThumb?image type=greyscaleThumb?image type=simple
KEGG Pathways
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolismec00520 Map00520
Galactose metabolismec00052 Map00052
SMPDB ReactionsNot Available
KEGG ReactionsNot Available
Concentrations
Intracellular ConcentrationsNot Available
Extracellular ConcentrationsNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 5 TMS)splash10-066r-1963000000-20f964d19542821e3092JSpectraViewer | MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 MEOX; 5 TMS)splash10-066r-1963000000-9b4d2187359e4427fc63JSpectraViewer | MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-06xx-9700000000-ceca0a9339feb50332b7JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 2V, negativesplash10-014i-0190000000-5f9700d2fb9d3803b315JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 3V, negativesplash10-014i-1290000000-4a2f118de83c3fd89576JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, negativesplash10-004i-2900000000-41882e175ed558fdcbdeJSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 12V, positivesplash10-0udi-0900000000-869a46d7f04b5bc96150JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 4V, positivesplash10-01p7-9400000000-4b357e4a105f58144fc2JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 5V, positivesplash10-01vy-9300000000-da35c11fce45fe7a740dJSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 7V, positivesplash10-01w3-9100000000-1dff5e1a4031702a876eJSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 10V, positivesplash10-03du-9000000000-cd0856e2038752b33c5cJSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 15V, positivesplash10-03k9-9000000000-d2d96a2104f7536b62f5JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 17V, positivesplash10-03dj-9000000000-ba0af57d2c1268059cd9JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QTOF 20V, positivesplash10-03k9-9000000000-34675ae85736565c23c9JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 1V, positivesplash10-03di-0900000000-4f0478f40b72c7d11a3fJSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 2V, positivesplash10-03di-0900000000-acdab0035233d01ec761JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 3V, positivesplash10-03di-0900000000-3c5697f764858966d8b3JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 4V, positivesplash10-03di-1900000000-e9c3ce484a8b2dd25350JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 5V, positivesplash10-03dm-3900000000-48616d3ba50de6aeef68JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 6V, positivesplash10-01oy-7900000000-010b62191ab8df735982JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 7V, positivesplash10-0007-9600000000-1c7767154c8d716c2794JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 8V, positivesplash10-0006-9300000000-609ae946204045022a83JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 9V, positivesplash10-000f-9200000000-a4866a9de898c3169b60JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 10V, positivesplash10-000f-9100000000-225070d62a4fceacc371JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 11V, positivesplash10-01vx-9100000000-1bff987ed1fcd84b3d07JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 12V, positivesplash10-01vx-9000000000-f524900cff88cdc7ced6JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 13V, positivesplash10-03l3-9000000000-8f119ef7525c9894bcc8JSpectraViewer | MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - QqQ 14V, positivesplash10-03kl-9000000000-faa1027b0b4385eff7b7JSpectraViewer | MoNA
References
References:
  • Scheer, M., Grote, A., Chang, A., Schomburg, I., Munaretto, C., Rother, M., Sohngen, C., Stelzer, M., Thiele, J., Schomburg, D. (2011). "BRENDA, the enzyme information system in 2011." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D670-D676.21062828
  • Hong, K. K., Vongsangnak, W., Vemuri, G. N., Nielsen, J. (2011). "Unravelling evolutionary strategies of yeast for improving galactose utilization through integrated systems level analysis." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:12179-12184.21715660
  • Wightman, R., Bell, R., Reece, R. J. (2008). "Localization and interaction of the proteins constituting the GAL genetic switch in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Eukaryot Cell 7:2061-2068.18952899
Synthesis Reference:Not Available
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID28260
HMDB IDHMDB00302
Pubchem Compound ID6036
Kegg IDC00052
ChemSpider ID24541305
FOODB IDNot Available
WikipediaGalactose
BioCyc IDUDP-GLACTOSE

Enzymes

Protein Details
1. Galactokinase
General function:
Involved in galactokinase activity
Specific function:
ATP + D-galactose = ADP + alpha-D-galactose 1- phosphate
Gene Name:
GAL1
Uniprot ID:
P04385
Molecular weight:
57943.80078
Reactions
ATP + D-galactose → ADP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate.