L-Leucine (YMDB00387)

Identification

YMDB ID

YMDB00387

Name

L-Leucine

Species

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Strain

Baker's yeast

Description

Leucine (abbreviated as Leu or L) is an alpha-amino acid. The L-isomer is one of the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. It is classified as a nonpolar branched chain amino acid, because of the hydrophobic nature of its branched alkyl side chain. Leucine is synthesized in yeast via several steps starting from pyruvic acid. The initial part of the pathway also leads to valine. The intermediate alpha-ketoisovalerate is converted to alpha-isopropylmalate and then β-isopropylmalate, which is dehydrogenated to alpha-ketoisocaproate, which in the final step undergoes reductive amination. Enzymes involved in leucine biosynthesis include: 1) Acetolactate synthase; 2) Acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase; 3) Dihydroxyacid dehydratase; 4) alpha-Isopropylmalate synthase; 5) alpha-Isopropylmalate isomerase, and 6) Leucine aminotransferase. S. cerevisiae degrade the branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and iso-leucine) via the Ehrlich pathway. This pathway consists of 3 steps: 1) deamination of the amino acid to the corresponding alpha-keto acid; 2) decarboxylation of the resulting alpha-keto acid to the respective aldehyde; and, 3) reduction of the aldehyde to form the corresponding long chain or complex alcohol, known as a fusel alcohol or fusel oil. Fusel alcohols are important flavor and aroma compounds in yeast-fermented food products and beverages. Each of the three steps in branched-chain amino acid degradation can be catalyzed by more than one isozyme; which enzyme is used appears to depend on the amino acid, the carbon source and the stage of growth of the culture. In leucine degradation, Thi3p is believed to be the major decarboxylase.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

(2S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoate
(2S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid
(S)-(+)-Leucine
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoate
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylpentanoic acid
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylvalerate
(S)-2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid
(S)-Leucine
4-methyl-L-Norvaline
L-(+)-Leucine
L-a-Aminoisocaproate
L-a-Aminoisocaproic acid
L-alpha-Aminoisocaproate
L-alpha-Aminoisocaproic acid
Leu
Leucine
(2S)-alpha-2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid
(2S)-alpha-Leucine
2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid
L
L-Leucin
L-Leuzin
(2S)-a-2-Amino-4-methylvalerate
(2S)-a-2-Amino-4-methylvaleric acid
(2S)-alpha-2-Amino-4-methylvalerate
(2S)-Α-2-amino-4-methylvalerate
(2S)-Α-2-amino-4-methylvaleric acid
(2S)-a-Leucine
(2S)-Α-leucine
2-Amino-4-methylvalerate
Leucine, L-isomer
L-Isomer leucine
Leucine, L isomer

CAS number

61-90-5

Weight

Average: 131.1729
Monoisotopic: 131.094628665

InChI Key

ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-4(2)3-5(7)6(8)9/h4-5H,3,7H2,1-2H3,(H,8,9)/t5-/m0/s1

IUPAC Name

(2S)-2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid

Traditional IUPAC Name

L-leucine

Chemical Formula

C₆H₁₃NO₂

SMILES

[H]OC(=O)[C@@]([H])(N([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

belongs to the class of organic compounds known as leucine and derivatives. Leucine and derivatives are compounds containing leucine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of leucine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Leucine and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Leucine or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid
L-alpha-amino acid
Branched fatty acid
Methyl-branched fatty acid
Fatty acid
Fatty acyl
Amino acid
Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxide
Organopnictogen compound
Primary amine
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Carbonyl group
Organic oxygen compound
Amine
Organic nitrogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

proteinogenic amino acid (CHEBI:15603 )
L-alpha-amino acid (CHEBI:15603 )
leucine (CHEBI:15603 )
pyruvate family amino acid (CHEBI:15603 )
Common amino acids (C00123 )

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Charge

Melting point

268-288 °C

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Water Solubility	21.5 mg/mL at 25 oC [YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)]	PhysProp
LogP	-1.52 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]	PhysProp

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	69.8 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-1.8	ALOGPS
logP	-1.6	ChemAxon
logS	-0.27	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	2.79	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.52	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	2	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	63.32 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	ChemAxon
Refractivity	34.17 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	14.16 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	1	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	Yes	ChemAxon

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

extracellular
mitochondrion
vacuole
cytoplasm

Organoleptic Properties

Flavour/Odour	Source
Bitter	FDB000899
Odorless	FDB000899

SMPDB Pathways

Leucine Biosynthesis	PW002475
Leucine Degradation	PW002490

KEGG Pathways

Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis	ec00290
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation	ec00280

SMPDB Reactions

Ketoleucine + L-Glutamic acid → Oxoglutaric acid + L-Leucine

L-Leucine + Oxoglutaric acid → L-Glutamic acid + Ketoleucine

KEGG Reactions

L-Leucine + Oxoglutaric acid ↔ Ketoleucine + L-Glutamic acid

L-Leucine + Adenosine triphosphate + tRNA(Leu) → Adenosine monophosphate + Pyrophosphate + Leu-tRNA(Leu)

Concentrations

Intracellular Concentrations

Intracellular Concentration	Substrate	Growth Conditions	Strain	Citation
1486 ± 30 µM	YPD media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
626 ± 12 µM	YPG media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
391 ± 8 µM	SD media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
235 ± 5 µM	SG media	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
782 ± 16 µM	M (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
2658 ± 53 µM	MA (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
547 ± 11 µM	MB (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
2580 ± 52 µM	MAB (molasses)	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 7654310
2878 ± 144 µM	YEB media with 0.5 mM glucose	aerobic	Baker's yeast	Experimentally Determined Not Available
470 ± 174 µM	Synthetic medium with 20 g/L glucose	aerobic	Baker's yeast	PMID: 12584756
Conversion Details Here

Extracellular Concentrations

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	View
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0pb9-0900000000-c0176b3cef05fc597576	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-eb7cee37b9d78694010c	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-7033b5fdcd4216168462	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-cd1de48a6db61eb4455e	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (2 TMS)	splash10-05fr-7900000000-e3b993b282ec2115b484	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0019-9000000000-6e468213b3429cf627bc	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-ef06e48ca82519977a37	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0pb9-0900000000-c0176b3cef05fc597576	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-eb7cee37b9d78694010c	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-7033b5fdcd4216168462	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0a4i-0900000000-cd1de48a6db61eb4455e	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-QQ (Non-derivatized)	splash10-0udi-1391000000-5183562a14017e557e33	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
GC-MS	GC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)	splash10-05fr-7900000000-e3b993b282ec2115b484	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-70cdb961a0819be4318a	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive	splash10-000i-9100000000-991398731b9d8305622c	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-000i-9100000000-05b5a7a191a32803595e	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0006-9000000000-5302e9c96e75e06e9705	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0006-9000000000-9e70778b46864cd22996	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive	splash10-0019-9000000000-6e468213b3429cf627bc	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-4f403c61aaa8a103c049	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-d85fcc558423654f45fd	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-931937d3bdd49b3ae623	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0002-0930000000-aa1256c9224fecacf025	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-0a72425a86f804d3a16b	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-4ed8cafebf4ee4e82e6a	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-3ac62b780abd90dd28b1	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-eb75eb03a58512ea36df	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-c0f28e4ebdef67c5b509	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-0751a9e803a2e7715d1a	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-001i-5900000000-8040fc883917239630a7	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-016s-9000000000-a7f9e8d43e66dbd02b6f	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-001r-7900000000-da119558c426d9c9d3a1	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-000i-9000000000-ae8365105ae2a18e0c10	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-000f-9000000000-228ee614be6648b37433	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-d1f3e047af455e156a1e	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-409dfbdb20719c3afda5	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - CE-ESI-TOF (CE-system connected to 6210 Time-of-Flight MS, Agilent) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-720554d58264a9cfdb67	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-90fab591d1f6d6318002	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
LC-MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-001i-0900000000-ed843252a559d532dc5e	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0019-9500000000-b9f1203176ce0ca7c11c	JSpectraViewer
MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-000l-9000000000-bf752e458f13eed8d7a2	JSpectraViewer \| MoNA
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	1H NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
1D NMR	13C NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer
2D NMR	[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum	Not Available	JSpectraViewer

References

References:

Martinez-Force, E., Benitez, T. (1995). "Effects of varying media, temperature, and growth rates on the intracellular concentrations of yeast amino acids." Biotechnol Prog 11:386-392.7654310
UniProt Consortium (2011). "Ongoing and future developments at the Universal Protein Resource." Nucleic Acids Res 39:D214-D219.21051339
Herrgard, M. J., Swainston, N., Dobson, P., Dunn, W. B., Arga, K. Y., Arvas, M., Bluthgen, N., Borger, S., Costenoble, R., Heinemann, M., Hucka, M., Le Novere, N., Li, P., Liebermeister, W., Mo, M. L., Oliveira, A. P., Petranovic, D., Pettifer, S., Simeonidis, E., Smallbone, K., Spasic, I., Weichart, D., Brent, R., Broomhead, D. S., Westerhoff, H. V., Kirdar, B., Penttila, M., Klipp, E., Palsson, B. O., Sauer, U., Oliver, S. G., Mendes, P., Nielsen, J., Kell, D. B. (2008). "A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology." Nat Biotechnol 26:1155-1160.18846089
Hans, M. A., Heinzle, E., Wittmann, C. (2003). "Free intracellular amino acid pools during autonomous oscillations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biotechnol Bioeng 82:143-151.12584756
Nookaew, I., Jewett, M. C., Meechai, A., Thammarongtham, C., Laoteng, K., Cheevadhanarak, S., Nielsen, J., Bhumiratana, S. (2008). "The genome-scale metabolic model iIN800 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its validation: a scaffold to query lipid metabolism." BMC Syst Biol 2:71.18687109
Yang, Z., Huang, J., Geng, J., Nair, U., Klionsky, D. J. (2006). "Atg22 recycles amino acids to link the degradative and recycling functions of autophagy." Mol Biol Cell 17:5094-5104.17021250
Dickinson, J. R., Harrison, S. J., Hewlins, M. J. (1998). "An investigation of the metabolism of valine to isobutyl alcohol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." J Biol Chem 273:25751-25756.9748245
Kispal, G., Steiner, H., Court, D. A., Rolinski, B., Lill, R. (1996). "Mitochondrial and cytosolic branched-chain amino acid transaminases from yeast, homologs of the myc oncogene-regulated Eca39 protein." J Biol Chem 271:24458-24464.8798704
Dickinson, J. R., Lanterman, M. M., Danner, D. J., Pearson, B. M., Sanz, P., Harrison, S. J., Hewlins, M. J. (1997). "A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of the metabolism of leucine to isoamyl alcohol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." J Biol Chem 272:26871-26878.9341119
Castrillo, J. I., Zeef, L. A., Hoyle, D. C., Zhang, N., Hayes, A., Gardner, D. C., Cornell, M. J., Petty, J., Hakes, L., Wardleworth, L., Rash, B., Brown, M., Dunn, W. B., Broadhurst, D., O'Donoghue, K., Hester, S. S., Dunkley, T. P., Hart, S. R., Swainston, N., Li, P., Gaskell, S. J., Paton, N. W., Lilley, K. S., Kell, D. B., Oliver, S. G. (2007). "Growth control of the eukaryote cell: a systems biology study in yeast." J Biol 6:4.17439666

Synthesis Reference:

Leuchtenberger, Wolfgang; Karrenbauer, Michael; Ploecker, Ulf. Scale-up of an enzyme membrane reactor process for the manufacture of L-enantiomeric compounds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (1984), 434(Enzyme Eng.), 78-86.

External Links:

Resource	Link
CHEBI ID	15603
HMDB ID	HMDB00687
Pubchem Compound ID	6106
Kegg ID	C00123
ChemSpider ID	5880
FOODB ID	FDB000899
Wikipedia	Leucine
BioCyc ID	LEU

Enzymes

Protein Details

1. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Involved in cell cycle regulation
Gene Name:: BAT2
Uniprot ID:: P47176
Molecular weight:: 41624.39844

Reactions

L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate → 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.
2-oxoglutaric acid + L-isoleucine → (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.
2-oxoglutaric acid + L-valine → 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.

Protein Details

2. Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Appears to be involved in the regulation of the transition from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle. High copy suppressor of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the ABC transporter, ATM1
Gene Name:: BAT1
Uniprot ID:: P38891
Molecular weight:: 43595.69922

Reactions

L-leucine + 2-oxoglutarate → 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + L-glutamate.
2-oxoglutaric acid + L-isoleucine → (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.
2-oxoglutaric acid + L-valine → 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid + L-glutamic acid.

Protein Details

3. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

General function:: Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:: ATP + L-leucine + tRNA(Leu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-leucyl-tRNA(Leu)
Gene Name:: CDC60
Uniprot ID:: P26637
Molecular weight:: 124140.0

Reactions

ATP + L-leucine + tRNA(Leu) → AMP + diphosphate + L-leucyl-tRNA(Leu).

Protein Details

4. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:: ATP + L-leucine + tRNA(Leu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-leucyl-tRNA(Leu)
Gene Name:: NAM2
Uniprot ID:: P11325
Molecular weight:: 101920.0

Reactions

ATP + L-leucine + tRNA(Leu) → AMP + diphosphate + L-leucyl-tRNA(Leu).

Transporters

Protein Details

1. Vacuolar amino acid transporter 3

General function:: Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Involved in amino acid efflux from the vacuole to the cytoplasm. Capable of transporting large neutral amino acids including tyrosine, glutamine, asparagine, isoleucine and leucine
Gene Name:: AVT3
Uniprot ID:: P36062
Molecular weight:: 75458.70313

Protein Details

2. Vacuolar amino acid transporter 1

General function:: Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Required for the vacuolar uptake of large neutral amino acids including tyrosine, glutamine, asparagine, isoleucine and leucine. Requires ATP for function
Gene Name:: AVT1
Uniprot ID:: P47082
Molecular weight:: 65345.30078

Protein Details

3. General amino-acid permease GAP1

General function:: Involved in transport
Specific function:: Permease for various amino acids as well as for GABA. Can also transport L-cysteine and beta-alanine
Gene Name:: GAP1
Uniprot ID:: P19145
Molecular weight:: 65654.89844

Protein Details

4. High-affinity glutamine permease

General function:: Involved in transport
Specific function:: High affinity transport of glutamine. Also transport Leu, Ser, Thr, Cys, Met and Asn
Gene Name:: GNP1
Uniprot ID:: P48813
Molecular weight:: 73597.39844

Protein Details

5. Vacuolar amino acid transporter 4

General function:: Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:: Involved in amino acid efflux from the vacuole to the cytoplasm. Capable of transporting large neutral amino acids including tyrosine, glutamine, asparagine, isoleucine and leucine
Gene Name:: AVT4
Uniprot ID:: P50944
Molecular weight:: 80025.0

Protein Details

6. Leu/Val/Ile amino-acid permease

General function:: Involved in transport
Specific function:: Permease for leucine, valine and isoleucine. Also transports cysteine, methionine, phenyalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan
Gene Name:: BAP2
Uniprot ID:: P38084
Molecular weight:: 67669.60156

Protein Details

7. Valine/tyrosine/tryptophan amino-acid permease 1

General function:: Involved in transport
Specific function:: High-affinity transport of valine and tyrosine. Low- affinity transport of tryptophan. Can also transport L-cysteine
Gene Name:: TAT1
Uniprot ID:: P38085
Molecular weight:: 68756.89844

Protein Details

8. Valine amino-acid permease

General function:: Involved in transport
Specific function:: Involved in transport of isoleucine, leucine, valine, cysteine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan
Gene Name:: BAP3
Uniprot ID:: P41815
Molecular weight:: 67364.39844

Protein Details

9. Autophagy-related protein 22

General function:: Involved in amino acid export from vacuole
Specific function:: Required for lysis of autophagic vesicles after delivery to the vacuole
Gene Name:: ATG22
Uniprot ID:: P25568
Molecular weight:: 58843.10156

Protein Details

10. General amino acid permease AGP1

General function:: Involved in transport
Specific function:: Broad substrate range permease which transports asparagine and glutamine with intermediate specificity. Also transports Ala, Cys, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Ser, Thr, Tyr and Val. Important for the utilization of amino acids as a nitrogen source
Gene Name:: AGP1
Uniprot ID:: P25376
Molecular weight:: 69670.70313

Structure for #<Compound:0x049be0d4>

Enzymes

Reactions

Reactions

Reactions

Reactions

Transporters